28/02/2020

Crypto-Movie: "The Red Machine" Reviewed by NSA

Among several movies depicting codebreaking, The Red Machine (2009) is unique in dealing with the Japanese RED machine. This movie focuses on a story (1935) of the US Navy's slipping into the Japanese naval attaché's luxurious apartment in Washington, DC, to obtain information on the cipher machine. My article in Japanese "映画紹介:The Red Machine(「レッド暗号機」) " introduced this movie to the potential audience in Japan. I was hoping that the public interest might lead to this indie movie's release in Japan, which, to my regret, has not come true.
While I exlained in the article the general historical background of this story, I recently found that David A. Hatch pointed out many historical inaccuracies in Cryptologic Quarterly 2015-01. I updated the article by taking notice of his comments.
Most importantly, he says one documented "black-bag-job" (called "second-story cryptanalysis" by one former NSA senior) against a Japanese consular residence was for an earlier Japanese Navy Codebook called "Red Code", not the Red Machine (p.60-61). Of course, photographing of the Red Codebook in the 1920s is known, separately from the 1935 episode depicted in the movie. (Budiansky (2000), Battle of Wits, p.83, describes both episodes separately, but, significantly, does not show a primary source for the latter episode.) If I remember correctly, Layton (1985), And I Was There described the episode as apocryphal. We need to check if the episode can be traced earlier than Ladislas Farago quoted in Deavours and Kruh (1985), Machine Cryptography and Modern Cryptanalysis p.218. Smith (2000), The Emperor's Codes describes US breaking of the Japanese naval attaché's ORANGE machine by quoting Stafford, L.F., History of Japanese Cipher Machines, NARA RG 457 HCC 2344. I wonder whether this source describes the episode.

Even if the episode is not supported by a primary source, it is mentioned in many crypto-books, and it is understandable that filmmakers took up the episode.
We should remember that Hatch belongs to NSA and he wrote the review in the hope that "filmmakers will avoid showing [the government's cryptanalysis] in ways that have a negative impact on the community" (p.63).

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