Some years ago, I noticed the vowel indicator system characteristic of Spanish ciphers in the reign of Philip II had been in use from Charles V's time and similar symbols were also used in Milanese and other ciphers ("Tracing the Origin of Vowel Indicators in Spanish Ciphers").
I now see Milanese ciphers used combined symbols with diacritics or exponents as early as the mid fifteenth century but syllables were not formed systematically as with vowel indicators. I now added a section about this: "Use of Exponents/Diacritics/Vowel Indicators in Milanese Ciphers (1450s-1530s)."
It seems systematic vowel indicators are a degenerated form of such ciphers, but dating of the ciphers in the archives is necessary to assess such a hypothesis.
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