17/04/2026

An Essay on Spanish Ciphers by 19th Century Archivist at Simancas

AGS (Archivo General de Simancas) Est. Leg. 1.1.1 is a collection of 238 ciphers from various times. Regrettably, these ciphers are not organized or properly labelled, as I hear.

The other day, I learned in Pich-Ponce (2024) (see here for citation) that Claudio Pérez y Gredilla compiled ciphers in AGS in "El Libro de cifras" (AGS D/203). According to Otto Vervaart's blog, it is an unpublished manuscript and deals with about 200 ciphers. (I guess AGS Est. Leg. 1.1.1 is its major scope.)

Perhaps Benavent (2025) refers to the same manuscript by "El estudio de la claves" written by Claudio Pérez y Gredilla, an official of the archives. She tells this essay was even favourably reviewed for publication by Antonio Rodríguez Villa in Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia.

A list of Rodriguez Villa's papers at Biblioteca Virtual includes the review:

Rodríguez Villa, "Cifra diplomática", Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tomo 24 (1894), p.108-109 (bibliography, text). (It shows that Claudio Pérez y Gredilla was head of AGS and the title given by Benavent is correct.)

Benavent says it is not certain whether Claudio Pérez y Gredilla's essay was ever printed. Given that it is at least not easily accessible now, I hope someone publishes its edition somewhere. (For example, Cryptologia accepts "From the Archives" pieces.)

1 comment:

  1. Claudio Pérez y Gredilla's work is mentioned on a website of ABC (a Spanish newspaper): "Los ingenuos mensajes cifrados de los espías españoles en tiempos de los Reyes Católicos" by Alfonso Jesús Población Sáez (reviewing the same exhibition in 2018-2019 at Simancas as Otto Vervaart' blog):
    "Personalmente me llamaron la atención varios documentos: el libro de cifras del Archivo, ejemplar manuscrito escrito entre 1890 y 1900 por Claudio Pérez Gredilla, que hizo el esfuerzo de recopilar todas las cifras que aparecen en los documentos originales del Archivo, junto a otras estudiadas en el siglo XIX de las que no se conocía la clave."

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