10/09/2023

A Telegram from Switzerland (1937)

A private email made me aware that two unsolved encrypted telegrams from Switzerland are on Klaus Schmeh's facebook page. It was sent to "London Mcl." and one has a handwritten note "via angleterre Eastern." The timestamp for both is "8 JAN 37."

Both telegrams begin with "BLUME SALAMANCA", followed by a sequence of five letter groups. These are part of the body text (because they are reckoned in the word counting penciled as "50" and "100".)
While a codebook may have been used, it is pointed out that the index of coincidence matches that of English, pointing to a possibility of transposition.

Side information:
- These telegrams are mentioned in Regula Bochsler (2022), Nylon und Napalm - Die Geschäfte der Emser Werke und ihres Gründers Werner Oswald (Google).
- Bengt Beckman, C.G. McKay (2013), Swedish Signal Intelligence 1900-1945, p.110 Google describes the basic structure of telegrams at the time.
- Klaus' Cipherbrain article presents a telegram, apparently sent from Switzerland to London (1942), where the discussion seems to have agreed on a hypothesis that it is encoded in the British Government Telegraph Code, unofficially called the ABABY Code or the BABY Code for the first codeword ABABY standing for fullstop. I suppose this codebook does not apply to the BLUME telegram because it has codewords earlier than ABABY (e.g., AAATI).
- The Riegner Telegram (Wikipedia) (1942) is a telegram sent from Geneva to London and New York. It was sent from Gerhart Riegner of World Jewish Congress and conveyed an early report of the Nazi's plan of extermination of Jews. It was sent in "CYPHER", but the original cipher message does not seem to be extant.

(Additional Notes) Bochsler, the author quoted above and the historian who discovered the telegrams, provided background information in a comment on Klaus' facebook page. The telegram was sent from an enterprise owned by Werner Oswald. When questioned by the Swiss Federal Police, he claimed that the telegrams were related to "wool business" in Spain, but Bochsler doubts this because he had a good relationship with fascist Spain.

No comments:

Post a Comment