27/09/2026

A Numerical Cipher in an Italian Letter to Francis I (1530)

During the sixteenth century, numerical ciphers were not common in France. One letter from London to Francis I (1530) is the earliest French numerical cipher I know, though, as expected, the letter is in Italian.

For a long time, I have been wondering what kind of cipher this is. Now Daniel Bourdeau deciphered it. I uploaded a new article about this, "A Numerical Cipher in a Letter to Francis I (1530)".


 

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